Info Resources 2012 Document Actions RSS feed Send this Print this Export Resources 2012 The Social Crisis Behind the Economic Crisis - the Millions of Young People Unemployed contributed by Jenny — May 22, 2012 12:28 PM Author: International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ITUC - 2012. "The financial crisis that broke out in 2008 has given rise to the worst economic crisis in 30 years and the biggest overall fall in GDP since the Second World War. [...] Young people are the hardest hit by this crisis. As highlighted in the “Global Unions’ Statement to the G20 Summit” on 3 and 4 November 2011: “The rise in unemployment since the crisis began has hit young people particularly hard, and together with rising long-term unemployment, high youth unemployment threatens to weaken long-term growth potential.” According to the figures published in the ILO report “Global Employment Trends for Youth” in 2011, youth unemployment rates have not simply seen a rise but a historical increase, going from 11.8% to 12.7% between 2008 and 2009 - the largest annual rise recorded in the last 20 years. The report adds that overall youth unemployment has overtaken adult unemployment, further confirming the fact that young people are more vulnerable to economic shocks and are the “first out” and "last in" in times of crisis." Read More… Global Employment Trends for Youth 2012 contributed by Jenny — May 22, 2012 09:48 AM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO - 2012. The study examines the continuing job crisis affecting young people in many parts of the world. It provides updated statistics on global and regional youth unemployment rates and presents ILO policy recommendations to curb the current trends. Read More… Understanding deficits of productive employment and setting targets: a methodological guide contributed by Jenny — May 12, 2012 08:46 AM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO - 2012. "Based on the MDG target to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, the present guide elaborates on the concepts of productive employment and its antonym, deficits of productive employment. It provides a guide to estimating current and past deficits in productive employment and on how established targets for reducing poverty and unemployment can be used to derive targets for productive employment generation. Such targets, in their turn, may be used to inform economic and social policies as well as to assess policy coherence from the perspective of achieving productive employment for all and reduce poverty." Read More… International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08): Structure, group definitions and correspondence tables contributed by Jenny — May 12, 2012 08:06 AM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Policy ILO 2012. This volume presents the structure and definitions of all groups in the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08) and their correspondence with ISCO-88. Read More… Asia‐Pacific Labour Market Update, April 2012 contributed by Jenny — Apr 26, 2012 09:52 AM Author: ILO Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Information Material ILO - April, 2012. "This resource provides a snapshot of recent economic and labour market trends for a number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, based on official data available as of 17 April 2012." Read More… Joint Report - Inventory of Policy Responses to the Financial and Economic Crisis contributed by Jenny — Apr 30, 2012 03:21 PM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Bank (WB) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO/WB - 2012. "The report reveals that in most of the 55 low-income and middle-income and 22 high-income countries surveyed, unlike previous crises, there was considerable government intervention to mitigate the impacts of the downturn. Not only did a majority of effected countries use expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate the economy, they also directly intervened to protect or create employment, preserve skills and facilitate the matching between job-seekers and employers, and protect the incomes of the unemployed and vulnerable groups. In many cases, social dialogue helped guide the policy response. This was critical, for instance, when implementing work-sharing arrangements." Read More… The ILO/World Bank Inventory of policy responses to the global financial and economic crisis of 2008 contributed by Jenny — Apr 30, 2012 02:41 PM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Bank (WB) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Information Material ILO, WB - 2012. "The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Bank (WB) have produced this comprehensive new database that examines for the first time the policy responses taken by 77 countries since the start of the financial and economic crisis. The information contained in the database was collected over a two-year period (mid-2008 to end-2010) and comprises 55 low-income and middle-income countries and 22 high-income countries. It is organized around seven categories: macroeconomic policies; measures to increase labour demand; active labour market policies; unemployment benefits; social protection measures; social dialogue and labour standards. The web-based policy inventory has been built as a user-focused platform to facilitate interaction between interested stakeholders, including ministries, social partners, the private sector, implementing agencies, private corporate partnerships, individuals, and NGOs. The genesis of the database was the G20 summit in London in April 2009, in which the ILO was asked to “work with other relevant organizations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future”. Earlier that year the ILO adopted a “Global Jobs Pact” including a portfolio of suggested policies aimed at reducing the lag time between economic and employment recovery. In early 2010, the ILO and the World Bank decided to conduct a joint survey of policy responses to the crisis, based on the structure of the Global Jobs Pact. This database is the result of that collaboration. Using this database, the ILO and the World Bank have issued a "Joint synthesis report" which offers early policy insights, to indentify effective approaches to maintain and promote employment during times of crisis. This database and report were enabled by financial support provided by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), for the ILO, and by the Multi-donor Trust Fund on “Labour Markets, Job Creation, and Economic Growth” with funding from Austria,Germany, Korea, Norway, and Switzerland for the World Bank." Read More… Employment Diagnostic Analysis: a methodological guide contributed by Jenny — May 12, 2012 08:53 AM Author: International Labour Organization (ILO) Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Training Material ILO - 2012. The purpose of the present guide is to provide a tool for context-specific analysis of the dynamics and characteristics of employment and to identify and understand the causes behind the main constraints and challenges, as well as opportunities for increasing productive employment in an inclusive and sustainable manner. Read More… Gendered Impacts of Globalization: Employment and Social Protection contributed by Jenny — Apr 30, 2012 03:28 PM Author: Camila Arza, Elissa Braunstein, Kristine Goulding, Sarah Cook, Shahra Razavi Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research UN - 2012. "The last three decades have seen remarkable changes in economic structures and policies both within and across countries, loosely captured by the term globalization. This paper reviews evidence on how key aspects of globalization processes have impacted the real economy, in terms of employment and social conditions of work for women and men across a wide range of countries. Globalization has coincided with a global increase in female labour force participation rates which has narrowed the gender gap from 32 to 26 percentage points. A number of factors associated with globalization processes have contributed to this increase, including the growth of production for export in the developing world. With labour costs such a crucial part of international competitiveness, labour-intensive exporters have shown a preference for women workers because their wages are typically lower than men’s and because women are perceived as more productive in these types of jobs. The narrowing of the gender gap in economic participation rates has not produced commensurate gender equality in pay and status. In fact, increasing female labour force participation has coincided with an increase in informal and unprotected forms of work. Jobs in export-oriented manufacturing firms and capitalist farms producing horticultural export crops have benefited some women, giving them their first discretionary income or a greater say in the allocation of household resources. However, even in the countries where production for export has created new forms of employment, occupational segregation has been maintained: the wages and conditions of work remain far from satisfactory for women who continue to be concentrated in temporary and seasonal jobs, while the few permanent jobs that are created are reserved for men. The orthodox policy approach of tight monetary and fiscal policies, and free trade and capital flows, has not proved to be conducive for either widespread development or extensive improvements in well-being and gender equality. There is growing support for alternative macroeconomic policies that, while aiming for macroeconomic stability, take more heed of development and social goals. This would have to include monetary and fiscal policies that are more expansionary, taxation policies that provide governments with adequate revenues to fund social expenditures. If economic growth is to be broadly shared, it is necessary to introduce a set of labour market policies and related interventions that can affect working conditions in diverse employment situations. These should not only enhance the capabilities of workers to capture some of the productivity gains that are now siphoned off into profits, but also rectify gender imbalances and discriminatory practices. Second, if gender inequalities in labour markets are to be rectified, society as a whole has to seek specific means of both progressing toward a better balance between the provision of unpaid reproductive work and paid labour, and facilitating greater gender equality in both domains. For many developing countries, attaining gender equality requires strengthening publicly accountable systems of mutual assurance against entitlement failure. This means investing in well-functioning and accessible public health, education and care services that can also become a source of decent employment; broad-based and redistributive social insurance programmes; and public provision of a range of complementary goods and services such as clean water, subsidized food items, sanitation, electricity, transport and housing." Read More… Skills and Employability Network Updates #6 contributed by Jenny — Mar 26, 2012 09:49 AM Author: ILO Skills and Employability Team Publishing Date: 2012 Category: CoP Product ILO - March 2012. This is the sixth (March) edition of the Skills and Employability Updates, a bi-monthly newsletter created by the Skills and Employability Team. We welcome comments and contributions from our members, so if you have something to share - an event, a publication, news - please let us know and we will include it in the next edition of the Updates. Read More… Skills for Green Jobs - Consolidated Response contributed by Jenny — Mar 20, 2012 05:15 PM Author: Skills and Employability Network Publishing Date: 2012 Category: CoP Product ILO - 2012. This is the Consolidated Report from the Skills and Employability online discussion on Skills for Green Jobs that were held on November 2011 on the Skills and Employability portal. Read More… Trade and employment: Review of recent studies contributed by Jenny — Mar 21, 2012 07:05 PM Author: ILO Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO - 2012. This paper presents findings from two recent high profile volumes edited and published by the ILO. It describes how evidence from these publications has been channelled into the policy debate at international and national level. The paper invites the Working Party to review the findings of the publications and the policy directions they suggest. Read More… Addressing the employment challenge: India's MGNREGA contributed by Jenny — Mar 21, 2012 05:44 PM Author: ILO Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO - 2012. Employment Working Paper No. 105. In September 2005, India’s parliament enacted a remarkable piece of legislation – the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), later renamed Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The Act recognizes employment as an entitlement and defines an obligation for the government – the obligation to provide, in each year, 100 days of wage employment at a stipulated minimum wage to all rural households whose members are seeking or willing to do unskilled manual work. Employment scheme under MGNREGA – we shall henceforth refer to it as MGNREGS – was launched in 200 poorest districts during 2006-07 and extended to another 130 districts during 2007-08. Since 2008-09, MGNREGS has been implemented in all the 600-odd non-urban districts in the country. Read More… Monetary policy and employment in developing Asia contributed by Jenny — Mar 21, 2012 05:02 PM Author: ILO Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research ILO - 2012. Working Paper. Despite the high prevalence of vulnerable employment and working poverty in developing Asia, full employment is not a legislated objective of any central bank in the region. As this paper shows, however, many central banks are actively using monetary policy to promote productive employment, and they do appear concerned with labour market outcomes. By working closely with governments, central banks in developing Asia help to promote macroeconomic stability and strive for the goal of full employment. But given the gaps in employment data and the structural roots of vulnerable employment and poverty, tasking central banks in developing Asia with an employment objective, as has been done in Australia and the United States, appears inappropriate. Read More… The relationship between elderly employment and youth employment: evidence from China contributed by Jenny — May 15, 2012 10:59 AM Author: Chuanchuan Zhang Publishing Date: 2012 Category: Research Zhang, Chuanchuan, China Center for Economic Research, Peking University, Department of Economics, Harvard University - March 2012. "Using micro data from China’s 1990 and 2000 census and the 2005 1% population sample survey, we provide the first piece of evidence on the relationship between elderly employment and youth employment in China. Our OLS estimation results suggest that employment rates of younger persons are positively rather than negatively associated with employment rate of older persons. We further tried to identify a causal relationship by using two-way fixed effects and TSLS estimation strategies and found results consistent with our OLS estimation. Finally, we examine whether employment of older persons hurts the youth at the intensive margin by estimating the impact of elderly employment on younger workers’ monthly wage and still found a positive rather than negative effect. In short, the claim that postponing the retirement age will hurt the youth cannot be supported by empirical evidence." Read More… Next 6 items » [1] 2 Basic search Portlet Share Resource Have knowledge resources to share? Click here to share them with others. 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